Novi trendovi u izdavaštvu

Petar Miljković, Dean Žvorc

Kada se prije 20 godina pojavio novi format zapisa, prvenstveno je bio zamišljen kao univerzalni format za razmjenu podataka između, tada prilično raznolikih, platformi. PDF je bio zamišljen kao univerzalni format, pregledljiv na svim platformama (WIN, MAC, UNIX), koji bi zadržao jednak izgled bez obzira na platformu i pisač na kojem se pregledava ili ispisuje. Upravo je zbog te univerzalnosti u informatičkim krugovima postao općeprihvaćen. Daljnjim su razvojem formata dodavane nove, naprednije opcije te se od formata za pregled i ispis razvio u temelj multimedijske komunikacije. Danas se u PDF mogu ugraditi različiti interaktivni elementi, hiperlinkovi (interni i eksterni), filmovi, zvuk, skripte i formulari. Takav je razvoj izdavačima omogućio iskorak od pasivnih prema interaktivnim izdanjima, od knjige koja se može „samo“ listati do knjige koja se može pretraživati, povezivati s različitim sadržajima unutar nje ili u drugim knjigama, pa i sa sadržajima na internetu. U posljednjih je nekoliko godina elektroničko izdavaštvo dobilo snažan poticaj razvojem tablet-računala, čitača elektroničkih knjiga i pametnih telefona koji su omogućili jednostavniju i širu upotrebu. Razvijaju se također i nova softverska rješenja koja prikazuju stari PDF na novi i dinamičniji način. No ne samo PDF. Problem je što do sada nije definiran univerzalni standard. Svim je standardima zajedničko korištenje CSS tehnologijom (Cascading Style Sheet), odnosno tagiranje teksta prema njegovom prikazu u publikaciji. Na osnovi tih informacija čitač stvara prikaz knjige na uređaju. Ovakav način prikaza traži izvjesno prilagođavanje u grafičkoj pripremi (prilikom prijeloma), ispravno definirane stilove, njihovu preciznu upotrebu, ali i, ako se vratimo korak unazad, da se autor teksta pridržava pravila i standarda. Više nije dovoljno otvoriti word i pisati, nego tekst treba primjereno pripremiti za prijelom. Osnove novog načina prelamanja bitno su drukčije, više se ne temelje na stranici, već na protoku teksta, jer se stranica na kraju stvara na čitaču, ovisno o parametrima koje je korisnik postavio (vrsta i veličina pisma). Granice su pomaknute, naklade su sve manje i sve je veća potreba za tiskom malih naklada, prema potrebi, upravo onoliko koliko je naručeno i kada je naručeno. Prodaja elektroničkih izdanja raste. Troškovi izdavanja knjige se smanjuju.

New tendencies in the publishing business

Petar Miljković, Dean Žvorc

When a new record format appeared 20 years ago, it was initially visualized as a universal format for data exchange the then rather different platforms. PDF was conceived as a universal format, viewable on all platforms (WIN, MAC, UNIX) that would keep the same appearance regardless of the platform and the printer on which it is viewed or printed.Due to such universal characteristics it became generally accepted in computer science circles. With further format development new, more advanced options were added and thereby it had developed from a format for viewing and printing into a basis for multimedia communication. Today various interactive elements can be incorporated into PDF, as well as hyperlinks (internal and external), films, sounds, texts and forms. Such development made it possible for publishers to make a move from passive to interactive publications, from a book that can only be a book for turning pages, to a book that can be scanned, linked with different contents in the book itself or in other books, even with contents on the Internet. In the past few years electronic publishing has received a strong impulse from tablet-PC development, electronic book readers and smart phones that have enabled simpler and wider use. New software solutions are also developed displaying the old PDF in a new and more dynamic manner.This is the case not only with PDF. The problem lies in the fact that no universal standards have been set to date. The use of CSS technology (Cascading Style Sheet) , i.e. tagging the text according to its display in the publication is a joint factor for all standards. On basis of such information the reader creates a display of the book on the device. This kind of display requires certain adapting in the graphic preparation (during book making-up), correctly defined styles, their accurate use, but if we go one step back, - the text’s author should stick to regulations and standards. It is not sufficient any more to just open Word and to write; the text should be adequately prepared for making up. The foundations for the new manner of making up are quite different, they are not founded on the page any more but on text flow, because a page is subsequently created on the reader device, depending on the parameters set by the user (letter type and size). Borderlines have moved, editions are getting smaller and smaller, and there is growing need for printing small editions, in accordance with needs, and those are actual orders placed in actual time. Sales of electronic publications are growing. Costs of publishing are becoming smaller.